Measles
Coverage of ≥ 95% is needed for herd immunity.
Transmission
Extremely contagious through the air (one case can infect 12–18 non-immune people) and by respiratory droplets.
Symptoms
High fever and the triad of cough, runny nose and red eyes (conjunctivitis); white Koplik spots inside the cheeks; a maculopapular rash that starts behind the ears and spreads over the whole body.
Complications
Severe pneumonia, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), blindness, severe malnutrition, and "immune amnesia" that makes the body prone to secondary infections.
People at high risk
Unvaccinated children, children under 9 months in outbreak areas.
Preventive vaccines
- MMR (SII) – Measles–mumps–rubella vaccine
- MMR II – Measles–mumps–rubella vaccine
- ProQuad – Measles–mumps–rubella–varicella vaccine (MMRV)
- Trimovax – Measles–mumps–rubella vaccine
- Priorix – GSK measles–mumps–rubella vaccine
- MVVAC – Vietnamese monovalent measles vaccine
- MR (SII) – Measles–rubella vaccine
- MRVAC – Vietnamese measles–rubella vaccine